If you’re a prospective graduate student debating between a Master of Engineering (MEng) and a Master of Science (MS) degree, you’re not alone. This decision can shape your career path and provide future opportunities in technical and management roles in engineering science and industry. Whether you’re aiming for a promotion in engineering management, focus on specialized research, or gain technical expertise, each degree offers distinct advantages. Here, we’ll unpack these differences to help you choose the right degree for your aspirations.
Published:Dec 16, 2024
Master of Engineering vs. Master of Science: Choosing the Right Graduate Degree for Your Engineering Career
What’s the Difference Between a Master of Engineering and a Master of Science?
The main distinction between the two degrees lies in focus. A Master of Engineering emphasizes engineering design and practical skills, equipping graduates to work directly in engineering fields like mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, or even emerging fields like biomedical engineering and computer engineering.
Conversely, a Master of Science emphasizes research and theoretical knowledge, often paving the way toward advanced research roles or doctoral study. MS programs are usually offered in academic fields such as biological and life sciences, engineering and technology, and business. MS programs typically offer thesis, non-thesis, and coursework-only options, with emphasis on engineering science and research methods.1
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Master of Engineering (MEng)
Master of Engineering programs typically focus on practical applications, making it ideal for those targeting engineering management roles or those seeking to apply engineering design directly to real-world issues. Graduates go on to work in mechanical engineering, civil engineering, or industrial engineering, focusing on engineering project execution rather than on academic research.
Prospective students who are considering an MEng may also explore a Master of Engineering Management (MEM), which prepares professionals for leadership roles in technical fields. While the MEng emphasizes advanced engineering skills and project-specific problem-solving, the MEM integrates broader business and management principles with technical expertise. The MEM is tailored for professionals who want to blend engineering with organizational strategy and operational leadership.
Master of Science (MS)
The MS degree prepares students for rigorous research in fields like materials science, engineering science, or applied science, providing an in-depth understanding of engineering disciplines from a theoretical perspective. MS programs are a common precursor to PhD programs and doctoral study in engineering science, and students often work in specialized research roles in engineering disciplines such as industrial engineering, chemical engineering, or computer science.
At a Glance: MEng vs. MS
While each program’s structure and degree requirements will vary by university or college, here’s a quick comparison of the two degrees:
Degree Component | Master in Engineering (MEng) | Master of Science (MS) |
|---|---|---|
Units/Credits | 30-40 credits; typically project-focused | 30-60 credits; often includes a thesis |
Program Duration | 1-3 years | 1-3 years |
Focus | Practical application in engineering | Research and Theory |
Coursework |
|
|
Thesis/Capstone | Capstone project | Research thesis |
Common Career Paths |
|
|
Master of Engineering (MEng) Overview
A Master of Engineering is ideal for students aiming to advance in practical engineering roles, such as mechanical engineering or civil engineering, and in engineering management. The MEng combines hands-on experience with coursework in engineering management and project planning.
MEng programs typically focus on:
Advanced Technical Knowledge: You'll study specialized topics within your engineering discipline, such as advanced materials, systems design, or computational methods, to deepen your technical expertise.
Engineering Management and Leadership: Many M.Eng. courses incorporate project management, team leadership, and business operations to prepare you for roles combining engineering and management responsibilities. While similar to an MEM in developing leadership skills, the MEng emphasizes the technical and engineering-specific aspects of project execution. In contrast, an MEM, which is ideal for those aspiring to higher-level management roles in technical organizations, blends engineering principles with a broader focus on business strategy, organizational behavior, and operational decision-making.
Research and Development: MEng programs often emphasize innovation through research projects or capstone experiences, allowing you to apply theoretical knowledge to real-world engineering problems.
Interdisciplinary Skills: Depending on your specialization, you can gain exposure to related fields such as data analytics, sustainability, or emerging technologies (e.g., artificial intelligence, renewable energy).
The MEng degree is tailored for graduate students who want to enter the workforce quickly and have strong hands-on skills and management capabilities.
Master of Science (MS) Overview
For students interested in the theoretical and scientific foundations of engineering, an MS degree offers rigorous, research-focused coursework in areas like computer science, materials science, and environmental engineering.
MS programs typically focus on:
Specialized Technical Expertise: Students become immersed in a specific field of study, such as robotics, environmental engineering, or computational mechanics, emphasizing understanding advanced theoretical concepts.
Research and Thesis Work: MS programs often prioritize research, requiring you to conduct independent studies, work on faculty-led projects, and write a thesis that contributes new knowledge to your field.
Analytical and Problem-Solving Skills: Master of Science coursework emphasizes advanced analytical methods, data interpretation, and applying scientific principles to solve complex problems.
Preparation for Doctoral Studies or Academia: Many MS programs are designed to prepare students for Ph.D. programs or academic careers, with a strong focus on scholarly work and theoretical foundations.
For those interested in pursuing a Ph.D or advanced roles as research scientists or analysts, the MS program offers valuable preparation and deep exposure to scientific inquiry.
Master in Engineering Featured Programs
University of Cincinnati
MEng Overview
This non-thesis graduate degree program is designed to prepare students for the technical workforce by enabling them to develop advanced technical knowledge and professional leadership skills. The curriculum matches the rigor of the Master of Science (MS) programs but replaces research components with courses focused on professional development and leadership. This structure enables students to become job-ready within a year.
Flexible Curriculum: The MEng program offers flexibility in course selection, allowing students to tailor their studies to align with specific career objectives.
Professional Development Focus: Underscoring professional and leadership courses over research, the program is tailored for those interested in enhancing their practical engineering skills so they can immediately apply them in the workforce.
Accelerated Completion: Designed for efficiency, the MEng degree can be completed in just one year, enabling a fast track to professional engineering roles.
University of Michigan
MEng Overview
Michigan’s Master of Engineering (MEng) program in Electrical and Computer Engineering is a terminal, professional degree tailored for students aiming to enter the industry with specialized expertise. Students can gain theoretical knowledge, practical training, and industrial skills while honing their communication, project management, leadership, and entrepreneurial abilities.
Industry-oriented Specializations: Students can concentrate their studies on data science and machine learning, autonomous systems, and microelectronics and integrated circuits
Structured Program Duration: Designed to be completed in one year, the MEng degree requires 26 credits of coursework, allowing students to transition into their professional careers efficiently.
Optional Summer Internship: Students can elect to complete a three-credit, 12-week full-time internship
Dartmouth College
MEng Overview
Dartmouth's Master of Engineering (MEng) program is designed for individuals who want to deepen their engineering expertise and apply scientific principles to practical problem-solving. The curriculum emphasizes both foundational science and real-world applications, preparing students for advanced roles in the engineering profession.
Comprehensive Curriculum: Students engage in coursework that bridges basic scientific concepts with their practical applications, fostering a holistic understanding of engineering challenges.
Flexible Learning Options: Dartmouth offers both on-campus and online MEng programs, including a flexible, fully online Master of Engineering in Computer Engineering.
Summer Preparation Offering: For students with a STEM degree in a non-engineering field, Dartmouth delivers a 10-week bridge program to enhance their skills and prepare them for the MEng program.
Master of Science Featured Programs
Duke University
MS in BME Overview
The Master of Science (MS) in Biomedical Engineering at Duke University is designed to prepare students for leadership roles in research, doctoral studies, or medical school. Students can choose from various concentrations aligned with faculty research areas, providing opportunities for specialized learning.
Flexible Curriculum: The program offers both thesis and non-thesis options, enabling students to customize their educational experience to align with their professional aspirations.
Dedicated Career Support: Duke provides comprehensive student resources and career services, including one-on-one mentorship and coaching, to support students in achieving positive career outcomes.
Research Opportunities: The program encourages engagement in research, offering access to state-of-the-art facilities and collaboration with the Duke University Medical Center.
Purdue University
MSIE Overview
Purdue University's Master of Science in Industrial Engineering (MSIE) with a thesis option offers students the opportunity to engage in independent research under the guidance of faculty advisors. This program emphasizes developing skills in human factors, manufacturing systems engineering, industrial engineering, operational research, and production systems engineering.
Comprehensive Curriculum: Students complete a minimum of 30 credit hours, including at least 21 credit hours of coursework and a minimum of 9 credit hours dedicated to master's thesis research.
Career Advancement: Graduates report earning 15% or more than their peers with a bachelor's degree, reflecting the program's effectiveness in enhancing career prospects.
Faculty Expertise: The program provides access to world-renowned faculty, offering mentorship and guidance throughout the research process.
University of Southern California
MS in Electrical and Computer Engineering Overview
USC offers a Master of Science in Electrical and Computer Engineering with a specialization in Machine Learning and Data Science. This program provides rigorous training in the theory, methods, and applications of data science, machine learning, and signal and information processing. It’s tailored for students with backgrounds in electrical and computer engineering or closely related fields.
Focused Curriculum: Courses underscore the development of practical skills in software engineering, data science, relevant mathematics, machine learning and optimization, deep learning, and signal processing.
Flexible Learning Pathways: The program accommodates full-time and part-time students, offering flexibility to professionals seeking to advance their education while managing other commitments.
Research Opportunities: USC provides access to cutting-edge research facilities and projects, enabling students to engage in innovative research and contribute to machine learning and data science advancements.
Job Outlook for MEng and MS Graduates
Both types of engineering degree programs open doors to diverse career opportunities. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics projects the job outlook for engineering occupations such as industrial engineers, mechanical engineers, and aerospace engineers to grow faster than the average of all occupations by 2033.3
Engineering careers are crucial in today's economy, driving innovation and addressing challenges like renewable energy, infrastructure resilience, and human health. Engineers remain in demand with their technical expertise and problem-solving skills and are paid competitive salaries.
Career Pathways for MEng and MS Graduates
MEng Graduates
Graduates with a Master of Engineering degree might pursue these roles:
Project Engineer: Oversees technical projects, ensuring they are completed on time, within budget, and according to specifications.
Engineering Manager: Leads engineering teams, manages budgets, and coordinates projects to meet organizational goals.
Design Engineer: Develops new products, systems, or components, focusing on functionality, efficiency, and innovation.
Manufacturing Engineer: Optimizes production processes, designs manufacturing systems, and ensures efficient use of factory resources.
Systems Engineer: Focuses on integrating and managing complex systems across their lifecycle, from design to implementation and maintenance.
Environmental Engineer: Designs solutions to environmental challenges, such as waste management, water treatment, and pollution control.
R&D Engineer: Conducts research and develops cutting-edge technologies, products, or processes in renewable energy or biotechnology fields.
Quality Assurance Engineer: Ensures that products and systems meet regulatory standards and customer expectations through rigorous testing and analysis.
MS Graduates
Someone with a Master of Science may work in the following careers after earning their degree:
Research Scientist: Conducts advanced research and experiments in academic, governmental, or private-sector laboratories to advance knowledge in their field.
Data Scientist: Analyzes and interprets complex data sets to provide insights and support decision-making in healthcare, finance, and technology industries.
University Lecturer or Academic Advisor: Teaches undergraduate courses or mentors students in a specific discipline, often combining teaching with ongoing research.
Technical Consultant: Provides specialized expertise to organizations, solving complex problems and optimizing processes in fields like IT, engineering, or environmental science.
Product Development Specialist: Designs, tests, and refines new products, leveraging technical knowledge and analytical skills to bring innovations to market.
Environmental Analyst: Examines environmental data to assess impacts and develop strategies for conservation, sustainability, or compliance with regulations.
Biotechnologist: Works on developing new products or technologies in the biotech sector, such as pharmaceuticals, genetic engineering, or agricultural innovations.
Policy Analyst: Uses technical expertise to analyze and advise on policies related to science, technology, health, or the environment, often in government or nonprofit organizations.
Specializations and Concentrations
When deciding between an MEng degree or an MS, students should consider if they want their master’s degree program to be course-based or thesis-based.2 There are also various specializations and concentrations that students in each degree program can choose to hone their skills further and pursue their interests.
Common specializations in graduate programs may include civil engineering, electrical engineering, and mechanical engineering.
Master’s of Engineering Specializations
Mechanical Engineering: Focuses on mechanics, design, and manufacturing processes.
Civil Engineering: Covers urban planning, infrastructure design, and construction management.
Electrical Engineering: Explores circuits, electronics, and energy systems.
Industrial Engineering: Emphasizes optimization in manufacturing and production processes.
Master’s of Science Specializations
Materials Science: Studies the properties and applications of materials, often through an engineering lens.
Environmental Science/Engineering: Focuses on sustainable engineering practices and ecological impacts.
Data Science and Computational Theory: Delves into complex data analysis and model development.
Biomedical Engineering: Combines engineering with biological and medical sciences.
Choosing Between an MEng and an MS
When deciding which degree program is right for you, consider these factors:
Career Aspirations: Are you interested in management and application (MEng) or research and theory (MS)?
Program Requirements: Do you prefer a capstone project or a research thesis?
Industry Focus: The MEng may be a better fit if you want to become a mechanical engineer or work in engineering management. The MS degree might be more appropriate for research or academic careers.
FAQs
Full-time Master of Engineering or Science programs typically take 1-2 years to complete. Program duration may be shorter or longer depending on the curriculum and full-time or part-time enrollment status.
Yes, both degrees can lead to a PhD, though the MS is more research-focused.
Admissions typically require an undergraduate degree in a related field and a review of academic credentials.
Final Thoughts: Which Degree Is Right for You?
Choosing between a Master of Engineering (MEng) and a Master of Science (MS) depends on your career goals, personal interests, and preferred study style. The MEng is a practical, application-based degree that prepares graduates for engineering management and technical leadership roles. At the same time, the MS is research-intensive, paving the way for scientific discovery and advanced academic pursuits.
If your goal is to evolve as a leader in engineering while integrating business strategy and organizational management. You might also consider a Master of Engineering Management (MEM) as an alternative. As a prospective student, you should consult each university’s graduate catalog and carefully review program requirements, curriculum, and learning outcomes to help narrow down the degree program that is right for you.
Sources:
1https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v2zYqOk0xj0 (“Types of MS Degrees in U.S.”; Dr. Raju’s Overseas Education Consultants)
2https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gdpl1j0g28o (“Should You Get a Masters or PhD in Engineering”; Oliver Foote)
3 https://www.bls.gov/ooh/architecture-and-engineering/ (Bureau of Labor Statistics, Architecture and Engineering Occupations)